Although there are other Hemoglobinopathy, only sickle cell disease causes proliferative retinopathy. Nonproliferative pigmentary retinopathy is linked to thalassemia major. The pigmentary alterations are thought to be caused by the liberation of free iron caused by hemolysis of red blood cells containing the damaged haemoglobin. Common Hemoglobinopathy that can cause mild-to-severe proliferative retinal signs include homozygous sickle cell disease (SS disease), sickle cell C disease (SC illness), and sickle cell-thalassemia disease (S-Thal disease).

Sickle cell hemoglobinopathy is a collection of hereditary genetic illnesses that cause sickled erythrocytes to impact several organ systems.

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