Indus Valley
The Indus River originates from the Himalayan Mountains and passes through the Punjab and Indus regions (now in Pakistan) into the Arabian Sea. The area on either side of this river is called Indus Valley. A highly developed civilization has been unearthed from this valley. It was first discovered in 1921 AD at a place called Harappa in western Punjab province.
Harappan Civilization
The Harappan culture was older than the Copper-Stone cultures, yet it was more developed than the Copper-Stone cultures. This culture originated in the northwestern part of the Indian sub-division. It has not been decided exactly who were the people who gave birth to this civilization. Therefore, this civilization has been called as Indus Valley Civilization, not calling any caste-specific civilization or period-specific civilization. Some scholars also call it the civilization of Harappa and Mohen-Jodaro in the name of major cities Harappa and Mohen-Jodaro. The first information about this civilization was obtained from the city of Harappa. Therefore, this civilization is also called Harappan civilization. Harappa is located in Mantgomri district of western Punjab and Larkana district of Mohenjodaro Indus. Currently both these cities are in Pakistan.
Geographical coverage
The Harappan culture extended to Haryana, Punjab, Sindh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and parts of Bilochistan and to the frontier of western Uttar Pradesh. It spread from Jammu in the north to the mouth of the Narmada in the south and from the Makran beach of Bilochistan in the west to Meerut in the north-east. This entire area is in the shape of a triangle and is spread over about 12,99,600 square kilometers. This region is not only larger than today's Pakistan, but also larger than ancient Egypt and Mesipotamia. 3000 BC. And 2000 BC In no other cultural region of the world was bigger than the Harappan culture.
Contribution of Indus River
The walls of paved bricks erected to protect the cities of the Indus civilization reveal that the Indus River was flooded every year. With this flood millions of tons of fertile alluvial soil flowed. The Indus River carried far more alluvial soil than the Nile River in Egypt and left it in the flood plains. Just as Neil built Egypt and maintained the people there, similarly the Indus River created the Indus region and nourished the people there.
Contribution of Saraswati river
Historians have called the Harappan civilization as the Indus civilization, while most of the 1400 sites so far found in this civilization have been found in the Saraswati river valley. Two of the major capitals of this civilization are located on the banks of Harappa Ravi and on the banks of Mohenjodaro Indus. There is also a considerable possibility that this civilization originated in the Indus River Valley and later it expanded into the Saraswati River Valley.
Discovery of Harappan Civilization
The Harappan mound was first mentioned by Charles Masson. After this, Dr. Dayaram Sahni discovered the Harappan civilization in 1821 AD. Then there were excavations in both these places in 1822 AD under the chairmanship of Rakhaldas Banerjee. Further, the study of the things found in the excavations under the leadership of John Marshall at this place, has revealed a civilization of India which is about four thousand years before Christ, that is, older than the Vedic period civilization. There have been excavations in the Indus river valley and in some other places too, from where the same items were found which were found from Harappa and Mohenjodaro. From this, it has been inferred that the civilization of the entire Indus Valley region was the same.
Creator of Harappan Civilization
There is a big difference among scholars about who was the creator of the Harappan civilization. Scholars believe that the creator of Indus-civilization was the same Arya who built the Vedic civilization, but this view does not seem right because there is such a big difference between Indus-civilization and Vedic-civilization that people of the same caste are not the creators of these two. Can be Some scholars believe that the creator of Indus civilization was of Sumerian race. In the opinion of one scholar, the creator of Indus civilization was the same asura as described in the Vedas. Pro. In the view of Ramlakhan Banerjee, the creator of Indus-civilization was Dravid. Since the clay and stones of the Dravidians of South India are similar to the pottery and ornaments of the people of the Indus Valley, this view seems more correct, but the bones found in the excavation are not of any one caste but different. Belong to castes. Therefore some scholars have concluded that the creators of Indus-valley were of mixed caste. This view seems to be right.
Chronology of Harappan Civilization
How old the Indus Valley civilization is, it has not been decided exactly. Some scholars have described it as 5,000 years before Christ, some 4,000 years ago, some 3,000 years ago and some only 2,500 years ago, but on the basis of authentic facts, this civilization has been proved to be 3,200 years before Christ. . Dr. Radhakumud Mookerji has written that it is the oldest civilization in the world – Indus Valley civilization neither has any close relationship with Mesopotamia civilization nor is it indebted. Now this belief is becoming stronger that Indus civilization is the ancient civilization of the world. DP Agarwal based its time on 2300 BC based on radio-carbon method. From 1750 BC Till you have told.
Know more about Harappan civilization
