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The development of the Internet of Things is in full swing today. The Internet of Things and various technologies are interdependent and cannot survive independently. How does the sensor contribute to the Internet of Things?

It has been more than 150 years since the birth of the sensor in the 1960s. (What is sensor?) Nowadays, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things industry, more and more requirements have been placed on sensor technology. The McKinsey report states that by 2025, the economic benefits brought by the Internet of Things will be between $ 2.7 trillion and $ 6.2 trillion. Sensors, as an important entry point for data acquisition at the sensing layer of the Internet of Things, are bound to usher in explosive growth in the next few years.

First of all, the author takes everyone to understand the basic concepts of sensors. A sensor is a detection device composed of a sensitive element and a conversion element. It can sense the measurement and convert the detected information into electrical signals (voltage, current, frequency, or phase, etc.) according to a certain rules, ultimately providing a data source for data analysis and artificial intelligence of IoT applications.

The Internet of Things is coming. What are the research directions of sensor technology?

1.Wireless Sensors (UGS)

Whether in the fields of intelligent transportation, smart cities, intelligent agriculture, industrial Internet of Things, or field disaster prevention, if humans want to achieve a comprehensive perception of the physical world, they must first ensure that the perception layer obtains The data must be comprehensive and accurate, which means that the Internet of Things system needs to arrange a large number of sensors according to the application area and specific needs, and even if necessary, it will be deployed in a wide range by means of aircraft broadcasting. In this case, the sensors and It is impossible for a networked system to use a physical connection, but a wireless channel must be used to transmit data and communications.

2.Smart sensors

Smart sensors are integrated sensors and microprocessors with embedded technology, making them smart data terminal devices with environmental sensing, data processing, intelligent control and data communication functions. It has self-learning, self-diagnosis and self-compensation capabilities, composite sensing capabilities, and flexible communication capabilities. In this way, when the sensor perceives the physical world, the data fed back to the IoT system will be more accurate and comprehensive, achieving the purpose of accurate perception.

It is mentioned in microelectronics that the smaller the characteristic size of the integrated circuit means the higher the integration level of the device, the faster the operation speed and the better the performance. The smaller the size of the sensor in the IoT system, it also means that the system is deployed It is more convenient and better performance.

MEMS (Miniature Electro-Mechanical System) uses traditional semiconductor processes and materials to integrate micro-sensors, micro-actuators, micro-mechanical mechanisms, and signal processing and control circuits until the interface, communication, and power are equal to one micro-device or system. This small size, low cost, integrated, intelligent sensing system is an important development direction for future sensors, and it is also the core of the Internet of Things. Therefore, the field of MEMS sensors has become a top priority for related enterprises.

3. Wireless Ad Hoc Network (Ad hoc)

When it comes to this wireless ad hoc network, many readers may be a bit unfamiliar, but its importance cannot be ignored. Compared with the traditional network, the wireless ad hoc network uses a “peer-to-peer structure” mobile communication mode that does not require a base station. All networked devices in the network can be dynamically networked during the movement process.

What are the advantages of this networking method?

First of all, one of the advantages is that there is no central control node, which means that this type of network does not have routers for packet routing and forwarding. Furthermore, during the work process, after one of the nodes leaves the network, the network topology will dynamically change, forming a new topology. This networking technology is highly respected in the military and connected vehicle fields.

In the end, the three research directions of sensor technology will be merged to promote the birth of wireless sensor networks (WSN).

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