Periodontitis is a serious disease that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. This condition, if not detected and treated promptly, can lead to serious consequences for oral and general health. In this article, we'll cover everything you need to know about periodontitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.
Understanding periodontal disease
The periodontium is the complex of tissues surrounding the teeth, which includes gums, bone, cementum, and ligamentous fibers. Healthy periodontal tissue is important in maintaining teeth and ensuring their stability. However, when the periodontium becomes inflamed, periodontitis occurs.
Causes of periodontitis
Periodontitis develops when the initial stage of gum disease, called gingivitis, is not treated in time. The most common causes of periodontitis include:
- Insufficient oral care: Failure to regularly brush your teeth and use the wrong care products can lead to periodontitis.
- Tobacco smoking: Smoking reduces the body's resistance to infections, which makes the gums more vulnerable to inflammation.
- Genetic predisposition: Some people are more susceptible to gum disease due to genetic factors.
- Sugary foods: Overeating sugary foods contributes to the formation of plaque, which can lead to the development of periodontitis.
- Systemic diseases: Some chronic diseases, such as diabetes, may increase the risk of developing periodontitis.
Symptoms of periodontitis
It is extremely important to recognize the first signs of periodontitis to start treatment at an early stage. Symptoms include:
- Pain and swelling of the gums: Patients may experience tenderness and swelling in the area of the affected tooth.
- Bleeding gums: Gums may bleed when brushing your teeth or chewing food.
- Sensitivity: Teeth may become more sensitive to cold, heat, or pressure.
- Bad breath: Inflammation and infection can cause bad breath.
- Changes in bite: Patients may notice changes in how the teeth fit together when biting.
Diagnosis of periodontitis
To properly diagnose periodontitis, it is important to make an appointment with a periodontist. The specialist will conduct an examination to evaluate the condition of the gums and teeth and perform X-rays to identify changes in bone tissue.
Stages of Periodontitis
Periodontitis goes through several stages, starting with gingivitis and ending with the destruction of bone tissue. The early stage can be reversed, and treatment usually includes professional teeth cleaning and training in proper hygiene.
Treatment of periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis depends on the stage of the disease. The most common treatment options are:
Oral hygiene practices
It is essential to keep your teeth and gums clean to reduce the number of bacteria in your mouth. Brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste twice a day. Try replacing your toothbrush with an electric toothbrush, as it may be more effective. Visit your dentist for a professional cleaning at least twice a year.
Professional cleanings
A professional cleaning involves your dentist removing plaque and tartar buildup from your teeth and roots, polishing them, and fluoridating them. Any periodontal pockets that have developed may need to be thoroughly cleaned to heal. Scaling and root planing is a deep-cleaning method that eliminates tartar and rough areas on the tooth root where bacteria like to accumulate.
Antibiotics
Your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to treat chronic gum infections that don't respond to cleanings. The antibiotic can come as a mouthwash, gel, pill, or capsule that you consume orally.
Surgery
If irritation develops in areas that are difficult to clean with brushing and flossing, your dentist may recommend flap surgery to remove deposits under your gums. While you are sedated, your gums will be raised, and the roots of your teeth will be cleaned. After that, your gums are sutured (sewn) back in place.
Prevention of periodontitis
Maintaining good oral hygiene, regular visits to the dentist, and taking care of your health in general are key to preventing periodontitis. Avoiding smoking, eating a healthy diet, and regularly flossing can help strengthen periodontal disease.
Impact of periodontitis on general health
Periodontitis can have an impact not only on your oral cavity but also on your overall health. Research shows a link between gum inflammation and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other systemic disorders.
The bottom line
Periodontitis requires attention and timely treatment. Regular dental visits, proper oral hygiene, and maintaining overall health will help prevent the development of this serious condition. If symptoms occur, you should immediately contact a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment. Ultimately, understanding periodontal disease and taking the necessary steps in the early stages will help maintain oral and overall health.
