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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines are used to for thetreatment of vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, anal cancer, andgenital wart. To date, Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix are threecommercially available HPV vaccines in the market. The safety of theall three vaccines has been well studied. All three humanpapillomavirus (HPV) vaccines has undergone years of extensive safetytesting before being licensed by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA). HPV vaccine is recommended for routine vaccination at age of11 or 12 years (vaccination can be started at age 9). The AdvisoryCommittee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends vaccination foreveryone through age 26 years if not adequately vaccinatedpreviously.

Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a viral pathogens. It is a different than Herpes SimplexVirus (HSV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HPV is a majorcause of throat, mouth, anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and cervicalcancer. Various strains of HPV plays an important role in causingmost cervical cancer. HPV is a viral infection that is passed betweenpeople through skin-to-skin contact. There are more than 100varieties of HPV, of which, around 40 undergo sexual contact and canaffect the throat, mouth, or genitals of a human being. Cervicalcancer occurs in the cells of the cervix, tissue that connects theuterus and vagina. 

Accordingto World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 report, each year, more than290 million women suffer from HPV infection worldwide, and every day,more than one million people suffer from sexually transmittedinfections (STIs) worldwide. Thus, with increasing number of STIs,the demand for HumanPapillomavirus (HPV) Vaccinesis also increasing. For example, in 2018, Merck & Co., Inc.received FDA approval for Gardasil 9 (HPV 9-valent vaccine) for thetreatment of certain diseases caused by HPV. Gardasil 9 is used forvaginal, vulvar, cervical, and anal cancers caused by HPV. Cervicalcancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. 

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