sFailure to become pregnant is classified as clinical infertility by the World Health Organization and the International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) if pregnancy is not established after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
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How common is male infertility?
One in every eight couples has difficulty becoming pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy. One-third of infertility is caused by the female partner, one-third by the male partner, and one-third by a combination of difficulties in both couples or remains unexplained.
Male infertility is more common in environments with high levels of environmental pollution, including water contaminants, pesticides, and herbicides. According to certain recent demographic surveys, sperm counts have been declining globally, even if infertility has not increased significantly. Dr.Manjushri Kothekar is the best fertility specialist in Mumbai as she has managed multiple cases of infertility till now individually.
What factors contribute to male infertility?
For the remaining cases, infertility is either due to environmental, genetic, or other identifiable factors.
Genetic Causes of Male Infertility
- Mutations inside the genes that determine the male sex, called the Y-chromosome
- Other irregularities in the genes. For example, some males have Klinefelter's XXY syndrome, which means they carry an extra copy of the female-sex determining genes (the X chromosome)
- Diabetes, high levels of the milk-producing hormone prolactin, or difficulties with hormone-producing organs such as the thyroid or adrenal gland.
Common Factors leads to Male Infertility
- Excess heat,
- Certain antibiotics and prescription medications, anabolic steroids, alcohol, and marijuana.
- Pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, lead, mercury, or paint.
- Stress.
- Heavy exercise,
- Chronic diseases, such as anemia, malnutrition, cancer, neurological disease, or diabetes
- Deficiencies in nutrients such as zinc, vitamin C, and folic acid
- Varicocele is a condition in which the veins inside the scrotum expand.
- Male genital tract diseases, such as infection, malignancy, trauma, or retrograde ejaculation
- Male genital tract surgery, such as for the treatment of an undescended testicle or a hernia
- Obesity
Treatments for Male Infertility
- Male infertility is not always permanent or untreatable; it is not rare for men to treat infertility with one or a combination of methods.
- Avoiding harmful environmental variables such as smoking, heat exposure, strenuous activity, toxicants, certain medicines, or excessive alcohol consumption
- Stress reduction
- Taking drugs, which include antibiotics (if an infection is detected); fertility treatments (Clomiphene, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), or LH/FSH injections)
- Vitamins like folic acid, zinc, and L-carnitine
- Antioxidants.
- Surgery, such as reversing a vasectomy or repairing a condition called a varicocele, in which the veins inside the scrotum are enlarged.
- In vitro fertilization, is commonly accomplished by a procedure known as Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Also read: Difference between ICSI and IVF
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