The majority of people believe that retinal disorders are permanent. The cause behind this is that in a number of retinal disorders such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa, retinal cells are not known to regrow spontaneously. Stem cell treatment is now a viable alternative for treating retinal conditions for which there is no remedy. While stem cell therapy development has been ongoing for quite some time, thanks to advanced and groundbreaking technology and the exploration of new fields linked to stem cells, stem cell therapy is now making its way into treating almost all untreatable diseases, including advanced liver disease, periodontitis, HIV, Multiple Sclerosis, and acute myeloid leukaemia.
There is no reliable method to stop the degeneration of retinal cells until it has been activated. The main goal of therapy is to stop or at least delay the development of the disorder. The whole recovery plan revolves around repairing the residual vision. Various scholars also conducted a systematic analysis to determine the best practicable approach to cure retinal disorder through stem cell therapy, based on scientific advancements in stem cell therapy and human intellectual involvement. Many researchers have attempted to generalise the whole method, whereas others have concentrated their studies on a single disease or a few diseases.
The fundamental goal of combining stem cells with retinal cells is to restore cells that have been destroyed owing to retinal degeneration. These cells can be as similar to retinal cells as possible. While cell replacement therapy, in which autologous Retinalpigmentepithelium(RPE)cells from the peripheral retina are transplanted into the submacular space, has been attempted before in the treatment of macular degeneration. However, the effectiveness of cell replacement therapy has been limited owing to a scarcity of these cells and multiple hereditary dysfunctions in these cases. Unlike cell replacement therapy, stem cell therapy uses retinal cells originating from stem cells, to have a limitless cell supply. Eye stem cell transplant is a way out and effective cure.
Taking the retinal stem cells and growing them in the incubator in vitro is one alternative. After a large number of cells had developed, they were inserted into the subretinal space, where their functional ability was assessed. However, developing cells in an artificial atmosphere is a massive undertaking that necessitates constant environmental control. Another method is more complicated and relies on pluripotent cells found in the skin or other tissues. Eye stem cell transplant is another way to treat eye troubles.
