1. Health

Risk Factors for Nosocomial Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU)

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Background Nosocomial infection is a leading cause of death and morbidity in premature neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. It can also affect their quality of care and the length of their stay in hospital. This study was done to identify and describe risk factors for nosocomial infection in neonates admitted to NICUs. Method and: This prospective cross-sectional study included all neonates (100%) admitted to NICUs at a Maternity Hospital (6 and 7 months), respectively (n=474). A record card was used to collect data such as Demographics and Infections' surveillance. Clinical identification, Laboratory confirmations, and Consumption of antibiotics. SPSS statistical software version 18.0 was used to analyze the data. Results 301 neonates (63.5%) were preterm. 40% of neonates had sepsis, and 34.9% experienced primary bacteremia. Open NICU neonates were more likely than those in closed NICU to get nosocomial infection (OR 3.37; 95% CI 1.94- 5.86, p0.001). Premature neonates had a higher risk of developing nosocomial infection than those who were born at normal gestational age (95% CI 2.04-9.72, p0.001). The likelihood of developing nosocomial infections increased proportionally when intravenous therapy was prolonged (95% CI 1.10 – 1.19. p = 0.001). Conclusion Nosocomial infections were linked to factors such as low birth weight, prematurity and intravenous treatment. The incidence of nosocomial infection could be reduced by avoiding invasive devices and methods, and adhering to all principles and procedures of aseptic technique.

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