At the moment, the demand for electrical power is increasing fast, which can be met by power generating substations. Thermal, atomic, and hydroelectric power generation substations are examples of power generation substations. Substations are being built in various areas based on the availability of various resources, however these locations may not be closer to load centres. The load center is in charge of actual electricity utilization. As a result, power must be transmitted from the substation to load centre sites. As a result, high-capacity and long-distance transmission networks are necessary for this function.
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What is a Substation?
A substation is a high-voltage electrical system that can be used to regulate apparatus, generators, electrical circuits, and so on. Substations are mostly used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Some substations are small in size, with an internal transformer and corresponding switches. Other types of substations are massive, with various transformers, equipment, circuit breakers, and switches.
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Types of Substations:
Step-up Type Substation:
This sort of substation receives power from a nearby producing facility. It employs a big power transformer to boost the voltage level for transmission to faraway regions.
Customer Substation:
This sort of substation serves as the primary source of electricity for a single commercial client.
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System Stations:
This substation, also known as a system station, handles a large quantity of power transfer across the station. These stations simply provide power transformers, whereas others also provide voltage exchange. Typically, these stations provide the termination points for transmission lines originating from switchyards, as well as the electrical energy for circuits that supply transformer stations. They are critical for long-term consistency.
Distribution Type Substation:
Distribution substations are located in areas where main voltage distributions are stepped down to supply voltages to customers via a distribution network. Any two phases will have a voltage of 400 volts, and any phase will have a voltage of 230 volts.
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Step-down Type Substation:
This sort of substation is located at various sites along an electrical network. They can link various portions of the network and serve as a source of sub-transmission or distribution lines. This substation is capable of converting the transmission voltage to a sub-transmission voltage (69kV).
Underground Distribution Substation:
Installation of a substation in urban areas necessitates a huge amount of space, however in most cases, there is no available room. To address this issue, putting the substation underground reduces the need for space, and the surface area can be used for other structures such as buildings, shopping malls, and so on. The fundamental idea behind the underground substation is to provide the best conventional substation while occupying less area above ground.
Switchyard:
The switchyard serves as a bridge between transmission and generating, and equal voltage can be maintained in the switchyard. The primary goal of this is to supply the generated energy from the power plant at the specified voltage level to a neighbouring transmission line or power grid.
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11kv Substation:
The main objective of the 11kv substation is to collect high-voltage energy sent from the producing station, then reduce the voltage to a reasonable amount for local distribution and provide switching amenities.
220 kV Substation:
The 220kV substation is the power capability used by the substation's step-down transformer, and it represents the maximum apparent power a step-down transformer can offer.
132 kV Substation:
The 132kV rating refers to the step-down transformer's primary voltage of 132kV. These transformers are typically used in transmission substations when the voltage must be stepped down for increased distribution.
Similarly, certain substations are classed depending on the nature of their tasks, the services they provide, the operating voltage, their importance, and their architecture.
Duty-based substations are classified as step-up, principal grid substations, and step-down substations.
Service rendered substations are service rendered substations that include a transformer, switching, and converting substations.
High voltage, extra high voltage, and ultra-high voltage substations are the functioning voltage-based substations.
Grid and town substations are the most important substations.
Indoor, outdoor, foundation-mounted, and pole-mounted substations are examples of design-based substations.
