Oncology is the field of medicine that deal with the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and early detection of cancer. Oncologists, in turn, are physicians who treat people with cancer. Cancer has been present through the ages, and is currently the second leading cause of death in the United States.
Fortunately, treatments are improving, and an understanding of cancer on the molecular level has led to improvements in survival as well. We will look at some of the types of oncology professionals, common (and uncommon symptoms), and how it may be diagnosed and treated.
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Types
Oncologists
There are three primary types of oncologists or physicians who treat people with cancer. These include:
- Medical oncologists treat people with medications such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy.
- Surgical oncologists perform surgeries to remove malignant tumors.
- Radiation oncologists use radiation to treat cancer.
- Oncologists/hematologists treat not only people who have cancer but also people who are coping with benign blood-based diseases such as anemia.
Oncologists may also be referred to as either community oncologists; oncologists who work at cancer centers in the community and generally treat all types of cancer, and academic oncologists; physicians who work at the larger cancer centers and often specialize in one type (or one subtype) of cancer.
Oncology can also be broken down by focus into:
- Clinical oncology that addresses people living with cancer
- Epidemiology that looks into risk factors as well as trends in cancer diagnoses
- Cancer biology that looks at the biology behind the growth of tumors to design new treatments
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