Muscular dystrophies are a set of hereditary disorders that affect the skeletal muscles, as well as the heart muscle, in certain cases. Muscular weakness and gradual muscle atrophy are two of the signs. The most frequent and most severe type of muscular dystrophy is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A genetic flaw inhibits the synthesis of a protein called dystrophin, which causes the disease. Muscles that lack dystrophin are weak and readily injured. Over time, the body can no longer heal the damage, and muscles waste away, producing increasing impairment in individuals.
Muscles are mostly made up of bundles of muscle fibres, which are long cells with numerous nuclei, but they also include a variety of other cells, including stem cells. Stem cells are a natural component of the body's healing mechanism. They have the ability to produce progenitor cells as well as duplicate themselves. Satellite cells are a kind of stem cell found in skeletal muscles. When muscle fibres are injured, chemical signals are sent to satellite cells instructing them to create new muscle fibres or fuse with existing ones in order to heal the damage. At the same time, certain satellite cells double themselves to guarantee that there are enough stem cells accessible to repair and replace muscle fibres in the future. Stem cell treatment for muscular dystrophy is offered by the best and the most reliable stem cell hospital.
Scientists think that since the muscles in DMD are continuously injured, the repair load put on satellite cells is so great that they get fatigued and lose their capacity to replicate. Satellite cells are required for muscle healing, and as the number of these cells diminishes, the muscle's ability to repair itself reduces. Instead, fat cells and scar tissue replace injured muscle fibres, weakening the muscle until it can no longer function properly.
There are no stem-cell-based treatments available for muscular dystrophy right now. Some promising pathways for possibly successful future therapies have emerged as a result of research. There is still a lot more work to be done to see whether these therapies are safe and beneficial in people. Preventing immunological rejection of transplanted cells, delivering cells in the circulation to all damaged muscles, and overcoming poor engraftment of transplanted cells are the major difficulties that scientists still have to overcome. The disease cells are eliminated, for example, during bone marrow transplantation. Because the damaged muscle in DMD cannot be removed, transplanted cells do not have enough “room” to engraft.
