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What is the summary of the American colonization period?

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When Was America Colonized?
American colonization began in 1607 and finished between the long periods of 1776 to 1783. The closure year of American colonization lines up with the Announcement of Autonomy by the US of America in 1776 and the finish of the Progressive Conflict in 1783. The eastern part of North America was fundamentally colonized. Local Americans previously lived in the district and this was the beginning of normal clash between the people who lived there and the people who were moving in. Eastern North America is the region of the Incomparable Lakes and toward the south to the Bay of Mexico and toward the east of the Mississippi Waterway to the Atlantic Sea coast. The English, French, Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish colonized this district during this time span.

Imperialism is characterized as “control by one control over a reliant region or individuals.” by and by, expansionism is the point at which one nation fiercely attacks and assumes command over another nation, guarantees the land just like own, and sends individuals — “pioneers” — to live on that land. Albeit the terms expansionism and colonialism are frequently utilized conversely, they are not exactly the same thing. Colonialism is characterized as a bunch of strategies or practices that broaden the power and control of a country over the political, financial, and social existence of different regions. Dominion can be perceived as the philosophy, or rationale, that drives provincial ventures.

What is the summary of the American colonization period?Colonial America spans the period from the first European contacts with the Native American to the Revolutionary War. This is a time of hardships and victories. Disease and environmental challenges decimated populations, leaving some early settlements to fail. The colonists who survived adapted to the regions where they settled, and laid the foundation for an economy dependent on slavery. During this period wars were fought, treaties made and the roots for a new republic were forged.

The history of settler-colonialism
The treatment of the Indigenous people on the land now known as the United States is just as horrifying. The primarily British Europeans who settled here — just like the Europeans who settled in Africa and the rest of the Americas — overall did not care that there were people already living on the land. The majority did not want peace and harmony between cultures; they wanted the land for themselves. They did not want to share the abundant resources; they wanted to generate wealth to fill their own pockets. Most had no respect for Indigenous cultures or histories; they wanted to enforce their own instead. These colonizers did not care that land was considered sacred and communal. Most believed that everything, including the earth, was meant to be bought and sold.

Unlike the colonial occupation of much of the African continent, however, the Europeans who settled in the United States never left. This is called settler colonialism, a distinct form of colonialism that seeks to replace, often through genocide and forced assimilation, an Indigenous population with a new settler population. A settler is defined as any non-Indigenous person living in a settler-colonial state like the United States, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand. Understanding settler colonialism allows us to see colonialism not as a singular event, but an ongoing process of violence against and erasure of Indigenous people.

Characteristics of colonialism
1. Dating
Colonialism is an ancient practice; Phenicia, could be considered like the first colonizing nation, since its inhabitants established settlements in the coastal extension of Mediterranean Sea in 1100 a.C.

In fact, Carthage (in present-day Tunisia) was a colony founded by the Phoenicians.

Later, some Greek city-states expanded to seek arable land on the northern shores of the Aegean, the Black Sea and the southern Italian peninsula.

Also Sparta and Athens, in the VI and V centuries BC, became colonizers.

Then, in the 9th and 10th centuries, the Scandinavian Vikings established colonies in large areas of the British Isles, Iceland and Greenland.

We should also mention the Moors and Ottomans, which means that colonialism seems not to be limited to a single and specific time, but with technological development in navigation, the sixteenth century was ideal for colonizing countries.

It was in those times when the modern European colonial project arose.

Linked ideology

Colonialism implies a high level of nationalism. The land itself is considered as superior and is awarded an almost”evangelizing”mission.

In fact, it is normal for the settlers to remain in the new land, in representation and as allies of their country of origin.

There was also some racism implicit in the colonizing ideology since in most cases it is a question of colonizing lands with people of color.

The religious missions also found their vehicle of expansion in this practice that allowed them to reach more people”impure or uncivilized.”

3. Settlements / Occupation

This is a requirement almost sine quanon when speaking of colonialism: the transfer of people to the new territory.

In fact, European settlements in North America, Australia, New Zealand, Algeria, and Brazil are referred to as colonies.

4. Causes

Possible causes of colonialism include:

Need for land to grow food that will enable the colonizer to support its inhabitants.
Need to expand the market to market the goods it produces.
Desire to obtain raw material or labor with the lowest possible cost.
Desire for greater political control.
Development of navigation technology that facilitated the exploration of new territories and the discovery of their potential in natural and strategic resources (military and political).
In Century XIX the great powers boasted colonies.
Demographic growth of European countries.
5. Main colonizers
Among the nations that created their own colonies in foreign territories are:

Britain : It established its colonies in India, Sudan, Afghanistan, Egypt, Singapore, Burma and Malacca, Cape, Rhodesia, Nigeria, Somalia, Kenya and Uganda, as well as the privileges it enjoyed in Canton, Hon-Kong and Shanghai.
Also in Oceania, it made its mark on Britain through its colonies in New Zealand, in addition to the control already exercised in Canada, Jamaica, English Guiana and the Malvinas Islands.

France : It was made with colonies in: Algeria, Tunisia, Madagascar, Morocco, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Benin and Chad, Annam, Tomkin and Laos. Haiti, French Guyana and some islands in Oceania and on the eastern coast of Canada are also added.
Russia : In spite of the interest of the Tsars to obtain the exit towards the Mediterranean, their colonies were located to the east of the Urals.
Belgium : Its dominance was concentrated in the Congo Basin, Africa.
Germany and Italy : To start late with their expansion process, they had to settle for controlling Eritrea, Tripoli, Cyrenaica and part of the coast of Somalia (in the case of Germany), and some sectors of North Africa (in the case of Italy).
U.S : It expanded towards the west of the American continent, reaching the Pacific and colonized Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Alaska, the Philippines and, until very recently, the Panama Canal.
Japan : It expanded to East Asia, colonizing the island of Formosa, Korea, Puerto Arturo and the southern part of the island of Sakhalin.
Portugal : It maintained its power over Angola and Mozambique.
Spain : After having control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines and part of Africa, only managed to keep few possessions in this last nation, among them the Spanish Sahara.
6. Consequences
Some of the most striking consequences of colonialism are:

Increased wealth in European countries.
Racial discrimination due to the slavery of Africans.
With the passage of time, the ideas of freedom arising from the French Revolution reached the continent
Demographic growth in Europe, due to different factors.
Growth of agricultural production in Europe.
Expansion of international trade.
The bourgeoisie is based in the main cities.
There is an important number of socially marginalized, antecedents of future social conflicts.
7. End
Modern colonialism ended with the world wars of the twentieth century. There was also an increase in national consciousness in the colonies, and the coming of the political and military influence of the old continent.

 

Two rushes of imperialism
There were two extraordinary rushes of imperialism in written history. The main wave started in the fifteenth hundred years, during Europe's Time of Revelation. During this time, European nations like England, Spain, France, and Portugal colonized lands across North and South America. The inspirations for the main rush of provincial extension can be summarized as God, Gold, and Magnificence: God, since ministers felt it was their ethical obligation to spread Christianity, and they accepted a higher power would compensate them for saving the spirits of frontier subjects; gold, since colonizers would take advantage of assets of different nations to support their own economies; and brilliance, since European countries would frequently contend with each other over the brilliance of accomplishing the best number of settlements.

Provincial rationale stated that a spot didn't exist except if white Europeans had seen it and vouched for its presence, yet pilgrims really found no land. The “New World,” as it was first called by Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian guide and map maker, was not new by any means: Individuals had been living and flourishing in the Americas for a really long time.

However, in numerous set of experiences books, Europe's development is recognized as investigation, and the ones who helmed ships that arrived in far off nations — and continued to carry out viciousness and decimation against local people groups — are recognized as legends. One of these men, an Italian pioneer named Christopher Columbus, even has a governmentally perceived occasion to respect him. Columbus thought he was en route to Asia, yet wound up in the Caribbean all things being equal. The primary Native individuals he went over were the Taíno, who represented most of individuals living on the island of Hispaniola (which is presently partitioned into Haiti and the Dominican Republic). They had an exceptionally developed and complex culture. In any case, this didn't prevent Columbus from guaranteeing the island and its occupants for Spain. By 1550, an only a brief time after he originally arrived on the island, what was once a flourishing society and local area was seriously destroyed by European sicknesses and the ruthlessness of a recently instated slave economy.

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