Zero Trust security is an IT security model that requires strong personal and device authentication that seeks to access resources on a private network, whether they live on or off the network perimeter. ZTNA is a key technology associated with the construction of the Zero Trust; but Zero Trust is a complete network security solution that incorporates various policies and technologies.
Simply put the security of a traditional IT network relying on anyone and anything within the network. The construction of the Zero Trust does not trust anyone and nothing.
The security of a traditional IT network is based on the concept of castle-and-moat. For castle-and-moat security, it is difficult to gain access from outside the network, but everyone inside the network is automatically trusted. The problem with this method is that once the attacker has access to the network, they have the power to control everything inside.
This vulnerability to castle-and-moat security systems are driven by the fact that companies no longer have their data in one place. Today, data are often distributed to cloud vendors, making it very difficult to have a single security control across the network.
Zero Trust security means that no one is trusted automatically whether they are inside or outside the network, and authentication is required for everyone trying to access resources on the network. This additional layer of security is displayed to prevent data breach. Studies have shown that the average cost of breaking one data is more than $ 3 million. But without Considering that huge amount, many organizations are now willing to adopt Zero Trust’s security model.
Continuous monitoring and validation
The philosophy behind the Zero Trust network assumes that there are attackers inside and outside the network, so no users or equipment should be automatically trusted. Zero Trust guarantees user ownership and rights as well as device ownership and security. Once it established logging and connecting comes out periodically, forcing users and devices to authenticate continuously .
Least privilege
Another goal of zero trust security is very limited access. This means giving users as much access as they need, like a general military officer who gives soldiers’ information about the need to know. This reduces the exposure of each user to critical parts of the network.
Exercising at least privilege involves careful management of user permissions. VPNs are not well suited for less authorized methods, as signing in to a VPN gives the user access to all connected networks.
Device access control
Zero trust not only restrict user access control, but also requires strict controls on device access. Zero Trust systems need to monitor how many different devices are trying to access their network, ensure that all devices are authorized, and monitor all devices to ensure that they are not compromised. This further reduces the area of the network attack.
Microsegmentation
Zero Trust networks also use microsegmentation. Microsegmentation is the practice of separating security perimeters into smaller areas to maintain different access to different parts of the network. For example, a network with files located in a single data center using microsegmentation could contain many different, secure locations. A person or system with access to those areas will not be able to access any other locations without special permission.
Preventing lateral movement
For network security, a “lateral movement” is when an attacker enters the network after gaining access to that network. Lateral movement can be difficult to find, even if the attacker’s access point is detected, as the attacker will continue to compromise other parts of the network.
The Zero Trust is designed to contain attackers so that they can move away from time to time. Because access to the Zero Trust is limited and must be restarted from time to time, the attacker cannot move to other microsegment within the network.
When attacker detection is detected, the device set up or the user account can be disconnected, disconnected for further access. (In the castle-and-moat model, if lateral movement is possible for the attacker, splitting with the actual device or the disabled user has little effect, as the attacker will have reached other parts of the network.)
Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an essential value of Zero Trust security. MFA means needing more than one proof to verify the user; just entering a password is not enough to get access. The most common application for MFA is 2-factor Authorization (2FA) used on online platforms such as Facebook and Google.
In addition to entering the password, users who make 2FA work with these services must also enter the code sent to another device, such as a mobile phone, thus providing two pieces of proof of identity.
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