Education in Egypt is a major issue for Egyptians living abroad. The country had a longstanding shortage of qualified teachers, especially in rural areas. During the British rule, teaching was viewed as a low-status career, and many educated Egyptians were discouraged from pursuing the profession. According to the Ministry of Public Education, in 1985-86, Egypt's primary and secondary schools employed a total of 155,000 teachers, serving 9.6 million students. In the city, the average teacher was responsible for 62 pupils, with some primary and secondary schools operating two shifts daily.
Class sizes are also a major problem. A Beltone Financial analyst highlighted the large discrepancy between private and public school classrooms. For example, private schools have smaller class sizes than public schools, with as few as 20 students per class. Meanwhile, in some public classrooms, class size can reach fifty or more. The new system will improve teacher salaries and ensure that all students are provided with quality education. For many families, this means a better quality of life.
There are also many social problems. While some people believe that the lack of quality education has caused the system to become more capitalistic, others say that a lack of quality education has only further reinforced class distinctions. In addition to the lack of quality education, illiteracy is a permanent theme of Egyptian culture. Even though the British Occupation officially ended in 1952, overall illiteracy is estimated to be at about a third of the population.
The quality of education is one of the biggest challenges in Egypt, with many institutions relying on examinations and not on a thesis. The quality of infrastructure is also a major problem. Only 1 out of five school buildings are deemed fit for use, and many schools do not have functional water or sanitation facilities. More than half of Egyptian students fail to meet international benchmarks, with 69% of grade 4 students failing to meet international standards.
The education system in Egypt is largely similar to that of the United States. Children spend two years in Kindergarten, then go to primary and secondary schools, and finally, they will attend secondary school. However, there is a lack of educational opportunities for children in Egypt, and the government's efforts to cut its fiscal deficit are slow. As a result, the Egyptian government has turned to private companies to invest in the country's education system. In August 2018, the government issued Law No. 62 of 2018, which allowed foreign universities to open international branch campuses in Egypt. Further, the country removed the requirement that these institutions have an agreement with their home countries.
The government has a strong commitment to education in Egypt. The Egyptian government has implemented an elementary school system that allows for a wide range of educational opportunities. For example, the National Council on Childhood and Motherhood has a program called Girls' Education Initiative, which addresses the need for educational opportunities for women in the country. The national council has also encouraged communities to donate land and recruit volunteers to work in the schools, and other initiatives have helped to increase the quality of education in the country.
The Egyptian educational system is composed of three levels: primary school lasts six years, preparatory school lasts three years, and the secondary stage lasts three years. In all three levels, girls are far more likely to graduate than boys. In addition, boys still outnumber women in all levels of education. In addition to this, there is a huge disparity between the rich and poor in educational attainment. Those in the upper classes are the only ones with access to higher education.
The Ministry of Higher Education is responsible for the tertiary level education in Egypt. There are 17 public universities and 51 non-university institutions in the country. In addition, there are 16 private higher-education institutions and 89 non-university colleges. In the last year, the Egyptian government created 3,000 one-class schools. These schools provide vocational training and traditional classes to students with poor parents. The government expects to increase the higher-education cohort by six percent a year by the end of 2009.
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