Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and heterogeneous malignant neoplasm that arises from the liver parenchyma beyond the second-order bile ducts and has the histologic and biochemical characteristics of cholangiocyte differentiation. It belongs to a family of aggressive cholangiocarcinomas, a rare and heterogeneous malignant neoplasm with an epithelial cell of the biliary In Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma, receptor tyrosine kinases such as the IL-6 receptor, c-MET, and the EGFR family members ERBB2 and ERBB1 are important signalling pathways.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Causes
Dysregulation of cell senescence, cell cycle regulation and proliferation, and apoptosis is caused by aberrant activation of tyrosine kinase receptors, which results in constitutive activation of downstream signalling cascades (e.g., JAK/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and p38MAPK).
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Sign and Symptoms
Malaise, cachexia, abdominal pain, night sweats, lethargy, and/or jaundice are common symptoms of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which may or may not be linked with systemic signs. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, parasitic infections, intrahepatic biliary stones (hepatolithiasis), liver cirrhosis, viral infection, and others are all risk factors for developing Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Epidemiology
According to DelveInsight, the overall intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incident population in the 7MM was 10,289 in 2017. The United States had the highest incidence of all the countries investigated, while Japan had 2,315 incident cases.
Germany had the greatest rate of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma among the EU5 countries, with 2,459 cases, followed by the United Kingdom and Italy. Spain was also the country with the fewest cases.
Males are more likely than females to develop intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in all countries. In the United States in 2017, there were 3,926 cases of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in males and 2,843 cases in females.
According to Delveinsight's analysts, the total Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma incidence population in both genders is expected to rise in the next few years.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment
Surgical treatments have been the only possibly curative therapeutic options for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma until now. The majority of patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease, which can be categorized as resectable or unresectable. During exploratory laparotomy, more than one-fourth of patients were found to be unresectable. Currently, surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation therapy are the most standard symptoms for early-stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Market
As per DelveInsight analysis, the Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma market size in the 7MM is expected to increase significantly during the study period (2017–2030). Among the ongoing developments, targeting FGFR; VGFR, IDH mutations, and others in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma along with immune therapies hold many promises for the future.
With all of these efforts, the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma market is hoping to be fueled by better and longer-term treatment options like Melphalan Hydrochloride (Delcath Systems), Derazantinib (Basilea Pharmaceutica), Dasatinib (Bristol-Myers Squibb), Yeliva (Redhill Biopharma), and others who plan to enter the Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma market in the coming years.