PCOS DIAGNOSIS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has now become one of the biggest reasons for Infertility in women apart from other associated ailments related to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The diagnosis of PCOS, its pathophysiology, and genetics has overwhelmed Doctors and researchers in endocrinology and gynecology apart from reproductive medicine.

PCOS has grown to now become the most common endocrine disturbance to affect women in their reproductive age and, its prevalence is steadily increasing. There are a few common symptoms among women with PCOS, and from an individual perspective, they may change over time. From a chronic PCOS angle, Stein-Leventhal syndrome affects a combination of hyperandrogenism i.e., Hirsutism, Acne, Alopecia, Elevated Serum Testosterone Levels, Menstrual disturbance, and unexplained weight gain or obesity.

Modern lifestyle is leading to a sedentary existence with unhealthy food intake and little physical movement. Modern Lifestyle has now become the biggest reason for obesity and hyperinsulinemia among Women. Hyperinsulinemia is a condition in which women have symptoms of PCOS apart from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Modern Lifestyle is now considered the single biggest reason for Elevated serum concentrations of insulin among women and men.

Women with PCOS experience a range of features like hirsutism, menstrual cycle disturbances, obesity, Acute Acne, High serum concentrations of luteinizing hormones (LH), androstenedione Levels, testosterone, and insulin.

PCOS DIAGNOSIS:

Dr. Mona Dahiya, known as one of the Best IVF doctors in Delhi and an expert in PCOS Treatment explains that the Following 2 Diagnostic measures are crucial to detect PCOS.

1. ULTRASOUND TEST: Done to Detect the prevalence of polycystic ovaries is an excellent indicator of PCOS and any one of the below diagnoses explains the presence of PCOS.

• FNPO: Increased follicle number per ovary i.e., ≥20
• Similar Sized Follicles.
• The string of pearls appearance i.e., Peripheral distribution of follicles.
• Ovarian enlargement.
• Central stromal brightness.

2. INSULIN RESISTANCE TEST: Done with compensatory hypersecretion of insulin. In simple parlance, Insulin resistance is considered a diminution in the biological responses to a given level of insulin. In this test, the presence of an adequate pancreatic reserve and normal circulating glucose levels are maintained at higher serum insulin concentrations. Women with PCOS are more likely to be insulin resistant than those women with regular menstrual Cycles. Insulin resistance is restricted to the extra-splanchnic actions of insulin on glucose dispersal and the liver is not affected, nor is the ovary nor the skin. The insulin resistance causes compensatory hypersecretion of insulin, explicitly in response to glucose, so euglycemia is maintained at the expense of hyperinsulinemia.

To summarize in simple words, the general agreement is that 2 of the Following Factors explain the prevalence of PCOS.

1. Anovulation.
2. Hyperandrogenism.
3. Polycystic ovaries.

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