PCB board vibration test and impact test

Vibration test is to assess the ability of products to withstand vibration environments (with different vibration levels), check and analyze the defects of vibration resistance in the design and manufacturing of products, in order to improve the design and manufacturing, and ensure the reliability of products in use and transportation, such as vibration caused by transportation, equipment vibration or other external factors. These vibrations may lead to the loosening of electronic components, fracture, welding point damage and other problems, thus affecting the normal operation of the circuit board. Therefore, conducting vibration tests can help us evaluate the reliability of the board, identify potential problems in advance and take appropriate measures to improve product quality.

The main purpose of PCB vibration testing is to identify potential problems that may arise as a result of vibration, including:

1. Component reliability: Mechanical stress caused by vibration can cause performance degradation or failure of individual components such as solder joints, capacitors, resistors, and semiconductor devices. Vibration testing helps to identify weak points that may fail under real conditions.
2. Connection integrity: Vibration testing can uncover solder joints and other interconnect problems between components and the PCB. These issues can cause a poor connection or complete failure.
3. Performance impact: Vibration will affect the performance of electronic components, especially motion-sensitive components. These effects can include changes in electrical characteristics, such as capacitance or inductance values, that can lead to circuit failures.

4.Harmonics and resonance: Due to the physical characteristics of the PCB, it may appear resonance frequency. Excessive vibration at or near these frequencies can cause stress amplification and failure. This test helps identify such resonances so that designers can take appropriate steps to mitigate them.
5. Design improvements: Vibration test results can provide PCB designers with valuable feedback to help them optimize layout, component placement and connection methods to better withstand real-world environmental conditions.

Vibration test procedure

1.Determine the target and condition of vibration test: according to the actual situation and product requirements, determine the target of vibration test, including the test frequency range, amplitude size, vibration mode and other conditions.

2.Prepare the vibration table and fixing device: according to the size and shape of the circuit board, select the appropriate fixing device to fix the circuit board on the vibration table to ensure the stability and safety of the circuit board during the test.

3.Set vibration test parameters: Set parameters such as amplitude, frequency and duration according to the above objectives and conditions, and ensure that the preparation of the shaking table and measuring instruments is completed.

4.Perform a vibration test: Place the circuit board on the vibration table and activate the vibration control system to begin the test. By constantly adjusting the vibration parameters, the vibration conditions that may be encountered in the actual operating environment are simulated and tested continuously.

5. Monitoring and recording vibration response: In the process of vibration test, the vibration response of the circuit board is monitored and recorded with measuring instruments, including parameters such as acceleration, displacement, strain and pressure.

6. Analyze and evaluate the test results: According to the vibration test data and vibration response curve, analyze and evaluate the vibration performance of the circuit board. Determine whether there are problems such as loosening, fatigue fracture and wiring failure, and give corresponding suggestions and improvement schemes.

7. Vibration test report: According to the test results and evaluation analysis, prepare the vibration test report, record the detailed information of the test process, test results and evaluation conclusions, and put forward improvement measures and suggestions.

During PCB vibration testing, the circuit board is usually mounted on a shaking table or fixture. Shakers produce controlled vibrations at a variety of frequencies and amplitudes, simulating what a PCB may encounter during its lifetime. Accelerometers and other sensors are used to measure and monitor the response of components to vibration.