Bone marrow cancer, also known as multiple myeloma, is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell. The exact cause of bone marrow cancer is still not found, but it can treated using various methodologies like bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow surgery, etc.
Some of the causes of bone marrow cancer are listed below:
Genetic predisposition – Having a family history of multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders increases the risk of developing the disease. There may be certain genetic mutations or alterations that predispose individuals to multiple myeloma.
Age – The risk of multiple myeloma increases with age, with most cases being diagnosed in people over the age of 65.
Race and ethnicity – Multiple myeloma is more common in African Americans and slightly more prevalent in men than women.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) – MGUS is a condition in which an abnormal protein called monoclonal gammopathy is present in the blood. MGUS is a precursor to multiple myeloma, but not all cases of MGUS progress to cancer.
Radiation exposure – High levels of radiation exposure, such as during radiation therapy for previous cancer, may increase the risk of developing multiple myeloma.
Occupational exposure – Some studies suggest a potential link between certain occupational exposures, such as exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, and an increased risk of multiple myeloma. However, the evidence is not conclusive.
Obesity – Some research indicates that obesity may be associated with a higher risk of multiple myeloma.
It can show multiple symptoms depending on the stage of the disease and its impact on the different organs.
- Persistent bone pain, especially in the back, hips, ribs, and skull, is a common symptom. The pain may be dull, aching, or throbbing and may worsen with movement or at night.
- Bone marrow cancer can lead to a decrease in red blood cells, causing anemia. Anemia may cause symptoms like weakness, shortness of breath, and pallor.
- Multiple myeloma can weaken the immune system, leading to frequent infections, especially respiratory infections.
- The weakening of bones due to bone destruction and lack of proper bone formation can increase the risk of fractures.
- People with multiple myeloma often experience fatigue and weakness due to the impact on bone marrow function and the production of healthy blood cells.
Closing thoughts
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