As your small business grows beyond a handful of employees, it's likely time to consider investing in a server. The term “server” can refer to hardware, software, or the functionality of both, and choosing the right server for your business can be a daunting task. This guide will help you navigate your options and make an informed decision.
Understanding Your Needs
Before diving into the specifics, ask yourself the following questions to determine your server needs:
- Are you buying for file sharing?
- Will it be predominantly used for email?
- Does your workforce need to connect remotely?
- Is it going to be used for data backup?
- How much space do you have available to accommodate the server?
Server Hardware and Functionality
At a hardware level, servers are similar to standard PCs but are designed for 24/7 operation and often include additional features like ECC memory and redundant components to ensure continuous operation. Key hardware components include:
- CPU: The number of cores and clock speed determine the server's ability to handle multiple tasks.
- Memory (RAM): More RAM allows for better performance, especially under heavy load.
- Storage: Multiple bays for hard drives and options for RAID configurations ensure data redundancy and fast access.
Choosing the Right Server Type
File Servers
File servers or Network Attached Storage (NAS) are used for storing and sharing files across a network. Look for:
- Multiple hot-swappable drive bays
- Configurable hardware/software RAID options
- Low-power CPU for efficient operation
Domain Controllers
Domain controllers manage user authentication and access levels. They are crucial for businesses with multiple users and devices. Look for:
- Virtualization-capable CPU (any 64-bit CPU)
- At least 4 GB of RAM
Database Servers
Database servers handle large volumes of data and user queries. They are essential for applications and websites built on a database layer. Look for:
- Hard drives rated for fast writes
- Large CPUs (12- or 16-core)
- Backup ‘slave' servers for read-only databases
Web Servers
Web servers host websites and use HTTP to present web pages. They often work with a database server. Look for:
- Hardware redundancy (especially for e-commerce sites)
- Increased RAM capacity for better performance
Email Servers
Email servers, such as Microsoft Exchange, use specific protocols (SMTP, POP3, IMAP) to send and receive messages. Dedicating hardware to this task is recommended for optimal operation. Look for:
- Similar specifications as a file server
Application Servers
Application servers centralize applications within their native framework (Java, PHP, .NET, various flavors of .js), improving performance and reducing maintenance costs. Look for:
- Enterprise-grade storage bays (SAS hard drives)
- ECC RAM
Choosing the Right Form Factor
Servers come in various physical form factors, including tower, rackmount, and blade:
- Tower: Resembling desktop computers, tower servers are suitable for small businesses needing one or two servers. They don't require additional mounting hardware but take up more space as you add more servers.
- Rackmount: These servers are installed in a rack chassis, which can hold multiple servers in slots. They are ideal for businesses needing several servers in a consolidated space.
- Blade: Blade servers are more space-efficient than rackmount servers but require careful cooling and a larger initial investment. They are suitable for larger server rooms.
Server Operating Systems
A server operating system (OS) is more advanced and stable than a desktop OS, supporting more RAM, efficient CPU usage, and a greater number of network connections. The OS enables the server to perform various roles, such as:
- Mail server
- File server
- Domain controller
- Web server
- Application server
Administrators use the server OS to authenticate users, manage applications and file storage, set up permissions, and perform other administrative tasks.
Conclusion
Choosing the right server for your small business involves understanding your specific needs, selecting appropriate hardware, and deciding on the best form factor and operating system. By carefully considering these factors, you can ensure your server investment supports your business's growth and operational efficiency.
