Angular is a popular web application development framework created and maintained by Google. Since its initial release in 2010, under the name AngularJS, it has evolved significantly and become a powerful tool for building modern, dynamic web applications. In 2016, Angular 2 was released, a completely rewritten and more advanced version, which has continued to evolve ever since.
In this article, we will explore in detail the features and benefits of Angular, which make it the preferred choice for developers and businesses in creating high-quality web applications.
Key Features
Here are some of the notable features of Angular :
TypeScript
Angular is based on TypeScript, a programming language developed by Microsoft that is commonly used for the web app development company of single page web applications (SPA) and mobile applications.
TypeScript allows you to define data types for variables, functions, classes, and other code elements. This helps prevent compile-time errors, improve code maintainability, especially in large and complex projects, and provides better support for the autocomplete tool in code editors.
MVC architecture
Angular is a framework that follows an architecture similar to the MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern, but with some specific concepts specific to the framework. In Angular, this architecture is known as “Component Architecture” and follows the principles of separation of responsibilities and modularity.
Although it is not a traditional MVC, the concepts are comparable. Here I present how each of them is related.
- Model: In Angular, the model refers to the representation of the data and the logic associated with it. Instead of having a single “model” as in the traditional MVC pattern, in Angular, models are typically TypeScript objects or classes that define the structure and behaviour of the data.
- View (View): The view in Angular corresponds to the part of the user interface that users see and interact with. Instead of using view templates directly in the component, Angular uses HTML templates with directives and data binding to generate the view.
- Controller (Controller): In Angular, the role of the controller is mainly divided between components and services. Components are responsible for presentation logic and interaction with the view. Services handle business logic, communication with the server, and other data-related aspects.
Components are the centrepiece of the architecture and represent the reusable and modular parts of the user interface. Each component has its own HTML template, presentation logic and state. Components interact with each other through input properties and output events.
Directives
In Angular, directives are a key component of the component architecture and play a critical role in manipulating the DOM and interacting with the UI.
There are three main types of directives in Angular:
- Structural Directives: alter the structure of the DOM, controlling the visibility and existence of elements.
- Attribute Directives: apply to existing DOM elements and change their behaviour or appearance.
- Component Directives: They are the main way to create and reuse components in Angular.
Directives can also be custom created to add specific functionality to components and templates.
Dependency injection
Dependency injection is a fundamental design pattern in Angular that allows you to manage the creation and provisioning of objects or services in an application in a more organised and efficient way.
Instead of a component directly creating its dependencies, Angular takes care of providing them through dependency injection. This promotes code reuse, modularity, and separation of responsibilities. Additionally, it allows greater flexibility to change service implementations without affecting the components that use them.
Routing
Routing allows you to create richer, more dynamic applications because users can interact with different sections of the application without having to reload the entire page. You can use route configuration to load specific components and handle navigation logic in your application in a structured way.
Forms
In Angular, creating forms is an essential part of interacting with users and collecting data. Angular offers two approaches to working with forms:
- Template-Driven Forms: These are more suitable for simpler and faster forms to create. In this approach, most of the logic is handled in the HTML template, using special directives and attributes.
- Model-Based Forms (Reactive Forms): are more flexible and recommended for complex forms and with custom validations. In this approach, the form logic is handled in the TypeScript component, and the form is created using form objects.
The approach you choose depends on the complexity and requirements of your form.
Pipes
Pipes are an Angular feature that allows you to transform data before displaying it in the user interface. This makes it easier to manipulate data and present information in a clearer and more understandable way.
These transformations include formatting dates, converting text to upper or lower case, filtering lists, formatting numbers as currency, decimals, or percentages, and more. You can combine several pipes to achieve the desired output.
In addition to the built-in pipes, you can also create your own custom pipes to meet your specific needs. To create a custom pipe, you must create a TypeScript class that implements the PipeTransform interface. Then, you register the pipe in a module and can use it in your templates.
Testing
Angular provides tools and libraries to perform different types of testing, including unit testing, integration testing, and end-to-end testing. This helps maintain the quality and function of the code and allows changes to be made with greater confidence.
Unit testing focuses on testing components, services, and other units of code in isolation, without depending on other modules or components. In Angular, libraries like Jasmine are used to write the tests and Karma to run them in a real or emulated browser.
Integration tests check how different components interact with each other. You can use Angular's TestBed approach to configure and create components within a test module.
End-to-end testing simulates a real user interacting with the application, navigating through different pages and performing actions. Angular provides the Protractor tool to write and run these tests.
Advantages of Angular
Now that we have explored some of the key features of Angular, it is important to highlight the advantages that this framework offers:
Developer Productivity
Angular stands out for its ability to increase developer productivity. TypeScript's organised structure, tools, and clear syntax allow developers to write code faster and with fewer errors. Developer productivity can vary depending on the team's experience, knowledge of the technology, and project complexity.
Active community and Google support
The community of developers using Angular is very active and diverse. This is reflected in the number of resources available online, such as tutorials, courses, blogs, discussion forums and community libraries. Additionally, the Angular community hosts conferences and events around the world, where developers can learn, share experiences, and connect with other professionals.
On the other hand, Angular is developed and maintained by a team of Google engineers. This ensures that the framework is in constant development, with new features, improvements, bug fixes and official documentation.
The combination of a broad resource base and direct support from the Angular team ensures that developers can effectively build high-quality applications and stay on top of the latest technology trends.
SPA and performance
Single Page Applications (SPA) are a web application development company approach in which all user interaction occurs on a single page, without the need to reload the entire page for each action. Angular is a popular framework for building SPAs and provides features that can significantly impact the performance of a single page application.
Angular offers several features and techniques to improve the web performance of Single Page Applications. However, it is essential to consider development and optimization best practices and perform performance testing to ensure that your SPA application offers a smooth and fast experience for users.
Scalability
Scalability in Angular refers to the ability of an application developed with this framework to handle significant growth in terms of size, functionality, and number of users. It is achieved through a combination of good design practices, modular architecture, efficient state management, and performance optimization. By following these considerations and maintaining a focus on code quality, you can build Angular applications that are capable of growing and evolving as your needs change.
Conclusion
Angular is a powerful and versatile web development framework that has proven to be a solid choice for building modern and complex web applications. We invite you to try it and implement it!
