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Why is Buddha Purnima Celebrated?
Buddha Purnima, also known as Vesak or Buddha Jayanti, is a significant and widely celebrated event in the Buddhist calendar. It commemorates the three major events in the life of Gautama Buddha:
- His Birth: Siddhartha Gautama, who later became known as the Buddha, was born in Lumbini (in present-day Nepal) around 563 BCE. This event is celebrated as the beginning of the journey of the Buddha's life.
- His Enlightenment: At the age of 35, Siddhartha attained enlightenment (Bodhi) under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India. This transformative moment is celebrated as the attainment of perfect wisdom and understanding of the nature of existence, suffering, and the path to liberation.
- His Parinirvana (Death and Final Nirvana): Buddha's passing away at the age of 80 in Kushinagar, India, is commemorated on this day as well. It marks his departure from the cycle of rebirth and the attainment of Nirvana, the ultimate liberation from suffering.
The celebration of Buddha Purnima involves various rituals and traditions across different Buddhist cultures and countries. Common practices include:
- Visiting Temples: Devotees visit Buddhist temples to pay homage to the Buddha. They often engage in meditation, prayer, and chanting of scriptures.
- Offerings: Followers make offerings such as flowers, incense, and candles at the foot of statues of the Buddha. These symbolize the transient nature of life.
- Acts of Compassion and Charity: On this day, Buddhists emphasize the practice of compassion and generosity, often participating in charitable activities, distributing food, and making donations to the needy.
- Observing Precepts: Many Buddhists take vows to observe the Five Precepts more strictly on this day, which include refraining from harming living beings, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxicants.
- Bathing the Buddha: A ritual known as “Bathing the Buddha” is performed in some traditions, where water is poured over statues of the Buddha. This symbolizes the purification of one's thoughts and actions.
Buddha Purnima is a day for reflection on the teachings of the Buddha and an opportunity for practitioners to renew their commitment to following the path of Dhamma (Dharma) towards wisdom, ethical conduct, and mental discipline.
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